Glossectomy is a surgical procedure involving the partial or total removal of the tongue. It is most commonly performed to treat tongue cancer, particularly squamous cell carcinoma, but can also be necessary for other conditions like trauma, infections, or severe dysplasia (pre-cancerous lesions). The extent of the glossectomy depends on the size and location of the tumor or damaged tissue. A partial glossectomy removes only a portion of the tongue, while a total glossectomy involves removing the entire tongue, which has profound effects on speech, swallowing, and breathing. The surgery is typically done under general anesthesia, and in more extensive cases, reconstructive surgery may be necessary to restore function and appearance. Skin grafts or tissue flaps from other parts of the body are sometimes used to reconstruct the tongue or mouth area. For cancer patients, glossectomy is often combined with other treatments like radiation therapy or chemotherapy to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Complications of glossectomy can include infection, bleeding, and impaired speech and swallowing. Total glossectomy, in particular, can lead to severe difficulties with eating, speaking, and airway management, often requiring a tracheostomy for breathing and a feeding tube for nutrition. Patients may need speech therapy, occupational therapy, and long-term nutritional support. While glossectomy can significantly impact quality of life, it is often a life-saving procedure for patients with advanced tongue cancer, offering the best chance of survival and preventing the spread of disease.
